Decades of scientifc evidence has established a strong case that climate change and environmental pollution are inexorably connected.  Many air pollutants have impacts on the climate, and they are often emitted from the same sources as greenhouse gases, such as  CO2. This link provides an opportunity to design policies and actions that mitigate climate change and reduce air pollution simultaneously, which increases benefts and minimizes costs. The efciencies achieved through co-governance can increase policy acceptability, policy coherence, sustainability, and spur greater mitigation ambition.

Despite the clear benefts of co-governance, governments have historically managed environmental pollution and climate change separately. The case studies presented in this report, however, show that a growing number of countries see integrated co-governance of climate, air pollution and development as a key strategy to achieve their domestic agendas while simultaneously meeting international sustainable development and climate commitments. While examples like these are increasing in frequency, they are still not an international norm. Succeeding at meeting our common goals for the climate, environment and sustainable development requires that we continue to build on these examples to unlock greater ambition for mitigation in all sectors.